{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "title": "Historical short-query concurrency comparison",
  "experiment_date": "2026-10-14",
  "comparison": "Native PostgreSQL process server versus a historical PostGamma threaded server candidate",
  "scope": "Persistent TCP sessions on a shared VM; separate from the October 10 state-access comparison and current release performance",
  "provenance": {
    "archive_name": "general-server-performance-evidence-2026-10-14.tar.gz",
    "archive_sha256_recorded": "6f7c4088490ea3c8eb6a4bed7e4428bb6012cecb9f735c5f5e946b6190566608",
    "source_head": "ef3e90f0c95565bcbf060ea49939dc66190af130",
    "tracked_worktree_changes": "",
    "upstream_postgresql_commit": "86ed13547589d8401b3b1e1ec2873903b287cb80",
    "upstream_version": "19beta3",
    "member_directory": "build/general-performance-20261014/",
    "source_files_verified_against_retained_manifest": {
      "matrix-summary.json": "eb400f9667f72ca51f6e40f7bec2400f7e90cf4854e8c2fc0d36ea2a32fbd459",
      "matrix.json": "d15d8ffc4ca72c4a71e37c3ffc04935d3fbfe7c3b2f883b50348d095aba896e0",
      "source-snapshot.json": "f8ec39c3f61196d3d5d9549ab99f56501a68275dfb12c88e3131a3dde9206e70",
      "identities.json": "7d1545ab846b19cc99645e1203fa89a5b8f6748d4a17192acb5165c491ca859e",
      "run_matrix.py": "1a2f548569a79d151c90d6755af5278782d57f297dcbe7e946a24dae5224865c",
      "point-prepared.sql": "56b8dbd4eb5e283b1fa4989f856fe1b6df45ef42ca28c48c7485454d0ad78ad0",
      "point-simple.sql": "56b8dbd4eb5e283b1fa4989f856fe1b6df45ef42ca28c48c7485454d0ad78ad0",
      "plan.json": "ae7d1bfbef451a3481dd34d84886039b8f0ae4e557ae66bbe60351c681f567ed",
      "final-report.txt": "b0fbf166573c6f1a64c8dea67a2ae01df3a70e4e78d4fc96e3b59eb3b37ce381",
      "cpu-loads.json": "53a555409c3729892f8bd82c82a808d232c2c1c2873f1bbc7e18e7f72065e59f",
      "seed.json": "68d4cd24781729f80d235c435ae1e008f9baa24c5037377fdf75ee8be1da0409"
    }
  },
  "builds": {
    "fork-full20": {
      "description": "Native PostgreSQL process server",
      "binary_sha256": "fb1bee6970e7871ed1cccf663f4b48a32f3ee34a4eb0546b0d5999ee9e5cf1af"
    },
    "async-start": {
      "description": "PostGamma threaded development candidate",
      "binary_sha256": "54582d6012c7ccd7ac79b2141fb0fc2ad07e7b7cbb26f684fa7369e44dd2c559"
    }
  },
  "method": {
    "backend_compiler_policy": "Same recorded -O2 -g0 and automatic inlining budget of 20 for both models",
    "compiler": "gcc (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1) 13.3.0",
    "host": "Ubuntu virtual machine, Intel Xeon Gold 6152, Linux 6.8.0-142-generic; not a dedicated physical host",
    "server_cpus": [
      0,
      1,
      2,
      3
    ],
    "client_cpus": [
      4,
      5
    ],
    "dataset": "pgbench scale 10, 1,000,000 accounts; each run copied the same stopped seed",
    "rounds_per_workload_and_concurrency": 3,
    "paired_order": "Alternating server order",
    "warmup_seconds": 3,
    "measurement_seconds": 12,
    "transport": "Ordinary TCP/libpq with the same native PostgreSQL pgbench client; persistent connections, no pool",
    "point_query_sql": "\\set aid random(1, 1000000)\nSELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;",
    "point_query_protocols": {
      "point-prepared": "prepared",
      "point-simple": "simple"
    },
    "throughput_statistic": "Arithmetic mean TPS per model; point-query scripts contain one SELECT per transaction",
    "throughput_change": "Ratio of the two arithmetic means minus one",
    "latency_statistic": "Mean of per-round percentiles, not a pooled percentile; 10 percent latency sampling except full logging for scan-aggregate",
    "profiling": "Unprofiled throughput rounds; CPU profiles and counter measurements were separate runs",
    "settings": {
      "listen_addresses": "127.0.0.1",
      "shared_buffers": "256MB",
      "max_connections": "64",
      "work_mem": "4MB",
      "maintenance_work_mem": "64MB",
      "max_parallel_workers": "0",
      "max_parallel_workers_per_gather": "0",
      "fsync": "on",
      "synchronous_commit": "on",
      "full_page_writes": "on",
      "wal_compression": "off",
      "autovacuum": "off",
      "checkpoint_timeout": "5min",
      "max_wal_size": "128MB",
      "min_wal_size": "32MB",
      "jit": "off",
      "log_min_messages": "warning",
      "log_checkpoints": "on",
      "default_transaction_isolation": "read committed"
    }
  },
  "limitations": [
    "The threaded candidate contains several accumulated runtime changes; this is not an isolated test of threading or of the removed state-table check.",
    "The comparison does not isolate address-space-switch costs or prove a unique cause for the throughput difference.",
    "Prepared point queries were slower with one and four sessions; 16-session range aggregation was also slower.",
    "Short rounds on a shared VM do not establish statistical equivalence or a universal speedup.",
    "Persistent-session results do not measure connection churn or embedded worker-pool scheduling.",
    "This is not a current release, C/Python package, or Wasm benchmark."
  ],
  "summary": {
    "status": "passed",
    "completed_cases": 126,
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